![]() ![]() After selecting samples, mental health standard questionnaires (SCL-90-R) were distributed among both control and experimental groups and then courses of audio book were held for the experimental group. ![]() ![]() The audio book course was conducted for 1 month, 2 days per week, in 8 one-hour sessions. We tried to match all cases in these groups except for participating in audio book workshops (independent variable) to be sure that the probable difference in mental health of the elderly was due to the effect of attending the audio book workshops. Membership in groups was random without the interference of the researchers. ![]() The experimental and control groups are organized based on individual matching. The criteria for participating of the elderly people were as follows: Age range: 65 to 80 years Sufficient interest in participating in the study Having adequate literacy Having ability and patience to sit in audio book courses and Participating at least in 5 sessions of audio book courses. The elderly were selected using simple random sampling method. The sample consisted of 30 elderly volunteers in the experimental group and 30 elderly volunteers in the control group. The study population comprised all retired people in the center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Since the problem of aging can be studied from various aspects, regarding the importance of mental health, especially in the elderly, this study examined whether audio books affect various aspects of mental health such as interpersonal sensitivity, somatization, obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychosis and consequently improve mental health of the retired elderly. The use of psychotherapy techniques, particularly bibliotherapy can be the perfect solution to improve their mental problems such as depression and anxiety ( Henasabzadeh Esfahani, 2011). Personality development and emotional maturity (concept of improvement) ( Henasabzadeh Esfahani, 2011).Ĭurrently some people, who need psychiatric services and counseling, have little desire to visit mental health specialists and even in some cases, despite their serious or chronic condition, refuse to visit a doctor. The purpose of the bibliotherapy includes giving individual tips in three areas: 1. Today, in developed countries, bibliotherapy is used frequently and effectively in social environments such as hospitals, schools, prisons, and rehabilitation and counseling centers to treat some common psychiatric disorders such as depression ( Baloochzeraatkar, 2004). Also, the American Library Association was the first professional organization that tried to promote bibliotherapy by expanding hospital and prison libraries ( Al Yasin, 2000). Father of American Psychiatry in the 19th century, Benjamin Rush, was the first psychiatrist who used reading as a part of the treatment process. It is the best choice to improve the quality of lives and protect the social health ( Henasabzadeh Esfahani, 2011). Audio books are useful for people who lacks the ability to read or enough time to study. Some elderly are unable to read alone due to various reasons like aging, poor eyesight, or illiteracy. Reading books is one of the tools that improve mental disorders. It is one of the techniques of psychotherapy and must be used according to the therapist’s advice purposefully and in an organized way. In psychiatry and clinical psychology, bibliotherapy is known as an adjunct to individual treatment and guidance to resolve the personal problems. Mental health professionals should investigate the treatment of mental disorders, especially depression ( Watt & Cappeliez, 2000). In this regard, the studies on the factors affecting the promotion of qualitative and quantitative of elderly life are essential ( Mirzaei & Shams Ghahfarokhi, 2007). After retirement, social relations of the elderly people decrease and their emotional complications increase. Along with rising the elderly population, their health problems, especially mental health problems becomes more important ( Bowling & Windsor, 1997). Thus, the old people’s health care should be considered more and more in Iran. It is predicted that in 20 years (from 2006 to 2026), the mean age of the population will increase by 10 years, and around 21%–25% of the population will be old by 2051 ( Mirzaei & Shams Ghahfarokhi, 2007). The aging population process has already begun in our country. ![]()
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